What do these permanently illuminated signs mean?

Your answer is fully correct. The permanently illuminated lane signals in Germany guide drivers on lane usage and can indicate closures or directions to help manage traffic flow safely.

1. The green downward arrow above lane 1 means that lane can be used and vehicles may continue driving on it.
2. The yellow arrow pointing to the right above lane 2 means that drivers in that lane must change to the right lane, usually because lane 2 will soon be closed.

The red Xs above lanes 3 and 4 mean those lanes must not be used (drivers must stop or avoid driving there)—but since those options were not included in the correct answers, they do not apply here.

These signals help prevent accidents by clearly indicating which lanes are open or closed ahead. Understanding and obeying them is important for safe motorway driving.