Why are short journeys performed with a cold engine especially damaging to the environment?

The combination of reasons you selected addresses two critical issues related to short journeys with a cold engine.

Firstly, more fuel consumption occurs because a cold engine requires more fuel to reach optimal operating temperature, leading to increased emissions and environmental pollution. This aligns with the German traffic regulations which promote eco-friendly driving habits.

Secondly, higher material wear happens because the engine components are not lubricated effectively when cold, resulting in greater friction and premature wear. This is significant to vehicle longevity and maintenance, which is emphasized in the German road safety standards.

Both reasons highlight the importance of considering environmental impact and vehicle health, reinforcing why short, cold starts should be minimized according to these regulations.