What can be the causes of rear-end collisions?

The combination you selected is correct because all three causes contribute significantly to rear-end collisions according to traffic safety principles.

1. Unexpectedly heavy braking can catch following drivers off guard, preventing them from reacting in time to avoid a collision. This aligns with the rule regarding maintaining a safe distance based on speed and traffic conditions.

2. Inattentiveness is a major factor in many accidents; drivers need to be vigilant and aware of the vehicles around them and their speed changes. German traffic regulations emphasize the importance of full attention while driving.

3. Driving too close behind another vehicle reduces reaction time and increases the risk of crashing if the vehicle in front stops suddenly. German law requires drivers to maintain a sufficient distance, which varies depending on speed.

Recognizing all these factors is crucial for understanding safe driving practices and minimizing the risk of accidents on the road.